# -*- coding: ISO-8859-1 -*-

import sys

# Print bytes.

s = b"???"

print s                             # ???

print len(s)                        # 3

# Obtain text and print it.

# Explicitly from bytes.

u = unicode("???", "ISO-8859-1")

print u                             # ???

print u.__class__                   # __builtins__.unicode.utf8string

print u.encode("ISO-8859-1")        # ???

print u.encoding                    # ISO-8859-1

print len(u)                        # 3

# Explicitly from Unicode literals.

u2 = u"???"

print u2                            # ???

print u2.__class__                  # __builtins__.unicode.utf8string

print u2.encode("ISO-8859-1")       # ???

print u2.encoding                   # ISO-8859-1

print len(u2)                       # 3

# Implicitly from string literals.

u3 = "???"

print u3                            # ???

print u3.__class__                  # __builtins__.unicode.utf8string

print u3.encode("ISO-8859-1")       # ???

print u3.encoding                   # ISO-8859-1

print len(u3)                       # 3

# Test invalid sequences.

try:

    u4 = unicode(s, "UTF-8")

except UnicodeDecodeError, exc:

    print "Attempt to decode", s, "as UTF-8 failed."

# Combine bytes and text.

# The text should be decoded.

su = s + u

print su                            # ??????

print su.__class__                  # __builtins__.str.string

print len(su)                       # 6

# Combine text and bytes.

# The text should be decoded.

us = u + s

print us                            # ??????

print us.__class__                  # __builtins__.str.string

print len(us)                       # 6

# Combine text and text.

uu2 = u + u2

print uu2                           # ??????

print uu2.__class__                 # __builtins__.unicode.utf8string

print uu2.encoding                  # ISO-8859-1

print len(uu2)                      # 6

# Inspect and update the encoding of stdout.

# Note that su and us are byte strings and are not recoded.

print sys.stdout                    # <posix.io.sysstream instance>

print sys.stdout.encoding           # None

sys.stdout.encoding = "ISO-8859-1"

print sys.stdout.encoding           # ISO-8859-1

print u                             # ???

print su                            # ??????

print us                            # ??????

sys.stdout.encoding = "UTF-8"

print sys.stdout.encoding           # UTF-8

print u                             # ??????

print su                            # ??????

print us                            # ??????