Lichen

compiler/transformer.py

336:8c75cdf1a764
2016-12-06 Paul Boddie Introduced stream classes employing C-level FILE pointers, changing the sys stdin, stdout and stderr objects to be instances of these stream classes. Added fread and fwrite support to the native functions. Added support for raising EOFError.
     1 """Parse tree transformation module.     2      3 Transforms Python source code into an abstract syntax tree (AST)     4 defined in the ast module.     5      6 The simplest ways to invoke this module are via parse and parseFile.     7 parse(buf) -> AST     8 parseFile(path) -> AST     9 """    10     11 # Original version written by Greg Stein (gstein@lyra.org)    12 #                         and Bill Tutt (rassilon@lima.mudlib.org)    13 # February 1997.    14 #    15 # Modifications and improvements for Python 2.0 by Jeremy Hylton and    16 # Mark Hammond    17 #    18 # Some fixes to try to have correct line number on almost all nodes    19 # (except Module, Discard and Stmt) added by Sylvain Thenault    20 #    21 # Portions of this file are:    22 # Copyright (C) 1997-1998 Greg Stein. All Rights Reserved.    23 #    24 # This module is provided under a BSD-ish license. See    25 #   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.html    26 # and replace OWNER, ORGANIZATION, and YEAR as appropriate.    27     28 from compiler.ast import *    29 import parser    30 import symbol    31 import token    32     33 class WalkerError(StandardError):    34     pass    35     36 from compiler.consts import CO_VARARGS, CO_VARKEYWORDS    37 from compiler.consts import OP_ASSIGN, OP_DELETE, OP_APPLY    38     39 def parseFile(path):    40     f = open(path, "U")    41     # XXX The parser API tolerates files without a trailing newline,    42     # but not strings without a trailing newline.  Always add an extra    43     # newline to the file contents, since we're going through the string    44     # version of the API.    45     src = f.read() + "\n"    46     f.close()    47     return parse(src)    48     49 def parse(buf, mode="exec"):    50     if mode == "exec" or mode == "single":    51         return Transformer().parsesuite(buf)    52     elif mode == "eval":    53         return Transformer().parseexpr(buf)    54     else:    55         raise ValueError("compile() arg 3 must be"    56                          " 'exec' or 'eval' or 'single'")    57     58 def extractLineNo(ast):    59     if not isinstance(ast[1], tuple):    60         # get a terminal node    61         return ast[2]    62     for child in ast[1:]:    63         if isinstance(child, tuple):    64             lineno = extractLineNo(child)    65             if lineno is not None:    66                 return lineno    67     68 def Node(*args):    69     kind = args[0]    70     if kind in nodes:    71         try:    72             return nodes[kind](*args[1:])    73         except TypeError:    74             print nodes[kind], len(args), args    75             raise    76     else:    77         raise WalkerError, "Can't find appropriate Node type: %s" % str(args)    78         #return apply(ast.Node, args)    79     80 class Transformer:    81     """Utility object for transforming Python parse trees.    82     83     Exposes the following methods:    84         tree = transform(ast_tree)    85         tree = parsesuite(text)    86         tree = parseexpr(text)    87         tree = parsefile(fileob | filename)    88     """    89     90     def __init__(self):    91         self._dispatch = {}    92         for value, name in symbol.sym_name.items():    93             if hasattr(self, name):    94                 self._dispatch[value] = getattr(self, name)    95         self._dispatch[token.NEWLINE] = self.com_NEWLINE    96         self._atom_dispatch = {token.LPAR: self.atom_lpar,    97                                token.LSQB: self.atom_lsqb,    98                                token.LBRACE: self.atom_lbrace,    99                                token.BACKQUOTE: self.atom_backquote,   100                                token.NUMBER: self.atom_number,   101                                token.STRING: self.atom_string,   102                                token.NAME: self.atom_name,   103                                }   104         self.encoding = None   105    106     def transform(self, tree):   107         """Transform an AST into a modified parse tree."""   108         if not (isinstance(tree, tuple) or isinstance(tree, list)):   109             tree = parser.st2tuple(tree, line_info=1)   110         return self.compile_node(tree)   111    112     def parsesuite(self, text):   113         """Return a modified parse tree for the given suite text."""   114         return self.transform(parser.suite(text))   115    116     def parseexpr(self, text):   117         """Return a modified parse tree for the given expression text."""   118         return self.transform(parser.expr(text))   119    120     def parsefile(self, file):   121         """Return a modified parse tree for the contents of the given file."""   122         if type(file) == type(''):   123             file = open(file)   124         return self.parsesuite(file.read())   125    126     # --------------------------------------------------------------   127     #   128     # PRIVATE METHODS   129     #   130    131     def compile_node(self, node):   132         ### emit a line-number node?   133         n = node[0]   134    135         if n == symbol.encoding_decl:   136             self.encoding = node[2]   137             node = node[1]   138             n = node[0]   139    140         if n == symbol.single_input:   141             return self.single_input(node[1:])   142         if n == symbol.file_input:   143             return self.file_input(node[1:])   144         if n == symbol.eval_input:   145             return self.eval_input(node[1:])   146         if n == symbol.lambdef:   147             return self.lambdef(node[1:])   148         if n == symbol.funcdef:   149             return self.funcdef(node[1:])   150         if n == symbol.classdef:   151             return self.classdef(node[1:])   152    153         raise WalkerError, ('unexpected node type', n)   154    155     def single_input(self, node):   156         ### do we want to do anything about being "interactive" ?   157    158         # NEWLINE | simple_stmt | compound_stmt NEWLINE   159         n = node[0][0]   160         if n != token.NEWLINE:   161             return self.com_stmt(node[0])   162    163         return Pass()   164    165     def file_input(self, nodelist):   166         doc = self.get_docstring(nodelist, symbol.file_input)   167         if doc is not None:   168             i = 1   169         else:   170             i = 0   171         stmts = []   172         for node in nodelist[i:]:   173             if node[0] != token.ENDMARKER and node[0] != token.NEWLINE:   174                 self.com_append_stmt(stmts, node)   175         return Module(doc, Stmt(stmts))   176    177     def eval_input(self, nodelist):   178         # from the built-in function input()   179         ### is this sufficient?   180         return Expression(self.com_node(nodelist[0]))   181    182     def decorator_name(self, nodelist):   183         listlen = len(nodelist)   184         assert listlen >= 1 and listlen % 2 == 1   185    186         item = self.atom_name(nodelist)   187         i = 1   188         while i < listlen:   189             assert nodelist[i][0] == token.DOT   190             assert nodelist[i + 1][0] == token.NAME   191             item = Getattr(item, nodelist[i + 1][1])   192             i += 2   193    194         return item   195    196     def decorator(self, nodelist):   197         # '@' dotted_name [ '(' [arglist] ')' ]   198         assert len(nodelist) in (3, 5, 6)   199         assert nodelist[0][0] == token.AT   200         assert nodelist[-1][0] == token.NEWLINE   201    202         assert nodelist[1][0] == symbol.dotted_name   203         funcname = self.decorator_name(nodelist[1][1:])   204    205         if len(nodelist) > 3:   206             assert nodelist[2][0] == token.LPAR   207             expr = self.com_call_function(funcname, nodelist[3])   208         else:   209             expr = funcname   210    211         return expr   212    213     def decorators(self, nodelist):   214         # decorators: decorator ([NEWLINE] decorator)* NEWLINE   215         items = []   216         for dec_nodelist in nodelist:   217             assert dec_nodelist[0] == symbol.decorator   218             items.append(self.decorator(dec_nodelist[1:]))   219         return Decorators(items)   220    221     def decorated(self, nodelist):   222         assert nodelist[0][0] == symbol.decorators   223         if nodelist[1][0] == symbol.funcdef:   224             n = [nodelist[0]] + list(nodelist[1][1:])   225             return self.funcdef(n)   226         elif nodelist[1][0] == symbol.classdef:   227             decorators = self.decorators(nodelist[0][1:])   228             cls = self.classdef(nodelist[1][1:])   229             cls.decorators = decorators   230             return cls   231         raise WalkerError()   232    233     def funcdef(self, nodelist):   234         #                    -6   -5    -4         -3  -2    -1   235         # funcdef: [decorators] 'def' NAME parameters ':' suite   236         # parameters: '(' [varargslist] ')'   237    238         if len(nodelist) == 6:   239             assert nodelist[0][0] == symbol.decorators   240             decorators = self.decorators(nodelist[0][1:])   241         else:   242             assert len(nodelist) == 5   243             decorators = None   244    245         lineno = nodelist[-4][2]   246         name = nodelist[-4][1]   247         args = nodelist[-3][2]   248    249         if args[0] == symbol.varargslist:   250             names, defaults, flags = self.com_arglist(args[1:])   251         else:   252             names = defaults = ()   253             flags = 0   254         doc = self.get_docstring(nodelist[-1])   255    256         # code for function   257         code = self.com_node(nodelist[-1])   258    259         if doc is not None:   260             assert isinstance(code, Stmt)   261             assert isinstance(code.nodes[0], Discard)   262             del code.nodes[0]   263         return Function(decorators, name, names, defaults, flags, doc, code,   264                      lineno=lineno)   265    266     def lambdef(self, nodelist):   267         # lambdef: 'lambda' [varargslist] ':' test   268         if nodelist[2][0] == symbol.varargslist:   269             names, defaults, flags = self.com_arglist(nodelist[2][1:])   270         else:   271             names = defaults = ()   272             flags = 0   273    274         # code for lambda   275         code = self.com_node(nodelist[-1])   276    277         return Lambda(names, defaults, flags, code, lineno=nodelist[1][2])   278     old_lambdef = lambdef   279    280     def classdef(self, nodelist):   281         # classdef: 'class' NAME ['(' [testlist] ')'] ':' suite   282    283         name = nodelist[1][1]   284         doc = self.get_docstring(nodelist[-1])   285         if nodelist[2][0] == token.COLON:   286             bases = []   287         elif nodelist[3][0] == token.RPAR:   288             bases = []   289         else:   290             bases = self.com_bases(nodelist[3])   291    292         # code for class   293         code = self.com_node(nodelist[-1])   294    295         if doc is not None:   296             assert isinstance(code, Stmt)   297             assert isinstance(code.nodes[0], Discard)   298             del code.nodes[0]   299    300         return Class(name, bases, doc, code, lineno=nodelist[1][2])   301    302     def stmt(self, nodelist):   303         return self.com_stmt(nodelist[0])   304    305     small_stmt = stmt   306     flow_stmt = stmt   307     compound_stmt = stmt   308    309     def simple_stmt(self, nodelist):   310         # small_stmt (';' small_stmt)* [';'] NEWLINE   311         stmts = []   312         for i in range(0, len(nodelist), 2):   313             self.com_append_stmt(stmts, nodelist[i])   314         return Stmt(stmts)   315    316     def parameters(self, nodelist):   317         raise WalkerError   318    319     def varargslist(self, nodelist):   320         raise WalkerError   321    322     def fpdef(self, nodelist):   323         raise WalkerError   324    325     def fplist(self, nodelist):   326         raise WalkerError   327    328     def dotted_name(self, nodelist):   329         raise WalkerError   330    331     def comp_op(self, nodelist):   332         raise WalkerError   333    334     def trailer(self, nodelist):   335         raise WalkerError   336    337     def sliceop(self, nodelist):   338         raise WalkerError   339    340     def argument(self, nodelist):   341         raise WalkerError   342    343     # --------------------------------------------------------------   344     #   345     # STATEMENT NODES  (invoked by com_node())   346     #   347    348     def expr_stmt(self, nodelist):   349         # augassign testlist | testlist ('=' testlist)*   350         en = nodelist[-1]   351         exprNode = self.lookup_node(en)(en[1:])   352         if len(nodelist) == 1:   353             return Discard(exprNode, lineno=exprNode.lineno)   354         if nodelist[1][0] == token.EQUAL:   355             nodesl = []   356             for i in range(0, len(nodelist) - 2, 2):   357                 nodesl.append(self.com_assign(nodelist[i], OP_ASSIGN))   358             return Assign(nodesl, exprNode, lineno=nodelist[1][2])   359         else:   360             lval = self.com_augassign(nodelist[0])   361             op = self.com_augassign_op(nodelist[1])   362             return AugAssign(lval, op[1], exprNode, lineno=op[2])   363         raise WalkerError, "can't get here"   364    365     def print_stmt(self, nodelist):   366         # print ([ test (',' test)* [','] ] | '>>' test [ (',' test)+ [','] ])   367         items = []   368         if len(nodelist) == 1:   369             start = 1   370             dest = None   371         elif nodelist[1][0] == token.RIGHTSHIFT:   372             assert len(nodelist) == 3 \   373                    or nodelist[3][0] == token.COMMA   374             dest = self.com_node(nodelist[2])   375             start = 4   376         else:   377             dest = None   378             start = 1   379         for i in range(start, len(nodelist), 2):   380             items.append(self.com_node(nodelist[i]))   381         if nodelist[-1][0] == token.COMMA:   382             return Print(items, dest, lineno=nodelist[0][2])   383         return Printnl(items, dest, lineno=nodelist[0][2])   384    385     def del_stmt(self, nodelist):   386         return self.com_assign(nodelist[1], OP_DELETE)   387    388     def pass_stmt(self, nodelist):   389         return Pass(lineno=nodelist[0][2])   390    391     def break_stmt(self, nodelist):   392         return Break(lineno=nodelist[0][2])   393    394     def continue_stmt(self, nodelist):   395         return Continue(lineno=nodelist[0][2])   396    397     def return_stmt(self, nodelist):   398         # return: [testlist]   399         if len(nodelist) < 2:   400             return Return(Const(None), lineno=nodelist[0][2])   401         return Return(self.com_node(nodelist[1]), lineno=nodelist[0][2])   402    403     def yield_stmt(self, nodelist):   404         expr = self.com_node(nodelist[0])   405         return Discard(expr, lineno=expr.lineno)   406    407     def yield_expr(self, nodelist):   408         if len(nodelist) > 1:   409             value = self.com_node(nodelist[1])   410         else:   411             value = Const(None)   412         return Yield(value, lineno=nodelist[0][2])   413    414     def raise_stmt(self, nodelist):   415         # raise: [test [',' test [',' test]]]   416         if len(nodelist) > 5:   417             expr3 = self.com_node(nodelist[5])   418         else:   419             expr3 = None   420         if len(nodelist) > 3:   421             expr2 = self.com_node(nodelist[3])   422         else:   423             expr2 = None   424         if len(nodelist) > 1:   425             expr1 = self.com_node(nodelist[1])   426         else:   427             expr1 = None   428         return Raise(expr1, expr2, expr3, lineno=nodelist[0][2])   429    430     def import_stmt(self, nodelist):   431         # import_stmt: import_name | import_from   432         assert len(nodelist) == 1   433         return self.com_node(nodelist[0])   434    435     def import_name(self, nodelist):   436         # import_name: 'import' dotted_as_names   437         return Import(self.com_dotted_as_names(nodelist[1]),   438                       lineno=nodelist[0][2])   439    440     def import_from(self, nodelist):   441         # import_from: 'from' ('.'* dotted_name | '.') 'import' ('*' |   442         #    '(' import_as_names ')' | import_as_names)   443         assert nodelist[0][1] == 'from'   444         idx = 1   445         while nodelist[idx][1] == '.':   446             idx += 1   447         level = idx - 1   448         if nodelist[idx][0] == symbol.dotted_name:   449             fromname = self.com_dotted_name(nodelist[idx])   450             idx += 1   451         else:   452             fromname = ""   453         assert nodelist[idx][1] == 'import'   454         if nodelist[idx + 1][0] == token.STAR:   455             return From(fromname, [('*', None)], level,   456                         lineno=nodelist[0][2])   457         else:   458             node = nodelist[idx + 1 + (nodelist[idx + 1][0] == token.LPAR)]   459             return From(fromname, self.com_import_as_names(node), level,   460                         lineno=nodelist[0][2])   461    462     def global_stmt(self, nodelist):   463         # global: NAME (',' NAME)*   464         names = []   465         for i in range(1, len(nodelist), 2):   466             names.append(nodelist[i][1])   467         return Global(names, lineno=nodelist[0][2])   468    469     def exec_stmt(self, nodelist):   470         # exec_stmt: 'exec' expr ['in' expr [',' expr]]   471         expr1 = self.com_node(nodelist[1])   472         if len(nodelist) >= 4:   473             expr2 = self.com_node(nodelist[3])   474             if len(nodelist) >= 6:   475                 expr3 = self.com_node(nodelist[5])   476             else:   477                 expr3 = None   478         else:   479             expr2 = expr3 = None   480    481         return Exec(expr1, expr2, expr3, lineno=nodelist[0][2])   482    483     def assert_stmt(self, nodelist):   484         # 'assert': test, [',' test]   485         expr1 = self.com_node(nodelist[1])   486         if (len(nodelist) == 4):   487             expr2 = self.com_node(nodelist[3])   488         else:   489             expr2 = None   490         return Assert(expr1, expr2, lineno=nodelist[0][2])   491    492     def if_stmt(self, nodelist):   493         # if: test ':' suite ('elif' test ':' suite)* ['else' ':' suite]   494         tests = []   495         for i in range(0, len(nodelist) - 3, 4):   496             testNode = self.com_node(nodelist[i + 1])   497             suiteNode = self.com_node(nodelist[i + 3])   498             tests.append((testNode, suiteNode))   499    500         if len(nodelist) % 4 == 3:   501             elseNode = self.com_node(nodelist[-1])   502 ##      elseNode.lineno = nodelist[-1][1][2]   503         else:   504             elseNode = None   505         return If(tests, elseNode, lineno=nodelist[0][2])   506    507     def while_stmt(self, nodelist):   508         # 'while' test ':' suite ['else' ':' suite]   509    510         testNode = self.com_node(nodelist[1])   511         bodyNode = self.com_node(nodelist[3])   512    513         if len(nodelist) > 4:   514             elseNode = self.com_node(nodelist[6])   515         else:   516             elseNode = None   517    518         return While(testNode, bodyNode, elseNode, lineno=nodelist[0][2])   519    520     def for_stmt(self, nodelist):   521         # 'for' exprlist 'in' exprlist ':' suite ['else' ':' suite]   522    523         assignNode = self.com_assign(nodelist[1], OP_ASSIGN)   524         listNode = self.com_node(nodelist[3])   525         bodyNode = self.com_node(nodelist[5])   526    527         if len(nodelist) > 8:   528             elseNode = self.com_node(nodelist[8])   529         else:   530             elseNode = None   531    532         return For(assignNode, listNode, bodyNode, elseNode,   533                    lineno=nodelist[0][2])   534    535     def try_stmt(self, nodelist):   536         return self.com_try_except_finally(nodelist)   537    538     def with_stmt(self, nodelist):   539         return self.com_with(nodelist)   540    541     def suite(self, nodelist):   542         # simple_stmt | NEWLINE INDENT NEWLINE* (stmt NEWLINE*)+ DEDENT   543         if len(nodelist) == 1:   544             return self.com_stmt(nodelist[0])   545    546         stmts = []   547         for node in nodelist:   548             if node[0] == symbol.stmt:   549                 self.com_append_stmt(stmts, node)   550         return Stmt(stmts)   551    552     # --------------------------------------------------------------   553     #   554     # EXPRESSION NODES  (invoked by com_node())   555     #   556    557     def testlist(self, nodelist):   558         # testlist: expr (',' expr)* [',']   559         # testlist_safe: test [(',' test)+ [',']]   560         # exprlist: expr (',' expr)* [',']   561         return self.com_binary(Tuple, nodelist)   562    563     testlist_safe = testlist # XXX   564     testlist1 = testlist   565     exprlist = testlist   566    567     def testlist_comp(self, nodelist):   568         # test ( comp_for | (',' test)* [','] )   569         assert nodelist[0][0] == symbol.test   570         if len(nodelist) == 2 and nodelist[1][0] == symbol.comp_for:   571             test = self.com_node(nodelist[0])   572             return self.com_generator_expression(test, nodelist[1])   573         return self.testlist(nodelist)   574    575     def test(self, nodelist):   576         # or_test ['if' or_test 'else' test] | lambdef   577         if len(nodelist) == 1 and nodelist[0][0] == symbol.lambdef:   578             return self.lambdef(nodelist[0])   579         then = self.com_node(nodelist[0])   580         if len(nodelist) > 1:   581             assert len(nodelist) == 5   582             assert nodelist[1][1] == 'if'   583             assert nodelist[3][1] == 'else'   584             test = self.com_node(nodelist[2])   585             else_ = self.com_node(nodelist[4])   586             return IfExp(test, then, else_, lineno=nodelist[1][2])   587         return then   588    589     def or_test(self, nodelist):   590         # and_test ('or' and_test)* | lambdef   591         if len(nodelist) == 1 and nodelist[0][0] == symbol.lambdef:   592             return self.lambdef(nodelist[0])   593         return self.com_binary(Or, nodelist)   594     old_test = or_test   595    596     def and_test(self, nodelist):   597         # not_test ('and' not_test)*   598         return self.com_binary(And, nodelist)   599    600     def not_test(self, nodelist):   601         # 'not' not_test | comparison   602         result = self.com_node(nodelist[-1])   603         if len(nodelist) == 2:   604             return Not(result, lineno=nodelist[0][2])   605         return result   606    607     def comparison(self, nodelist):   608         # comparison: expr (comp_op expr)*   609         node = self.com_node(nodelist[0])   610         if len(nodelist) == 1:   611             return node   612    613         results = []   614         for i in range(2, len(nodelist), 2):   615             nl = nodelist[i-1]   616    617             # comp_op: '<' | '>' | '=' | '>=' | '<=' | '<>' | '!=' | '=='   618             #          | 'in' | 'not' 'in' | 'is' | 'is' 'not'   619             n = nl[1]   620             if n[0] == token.NAME:   621                 type = n[1]   622                 if len(nl) == 3:   623                     if type == 'not':   624                         type = 'not in'   625                     else:   626                         type = 'is not'   627             else:   628                 type = _cmp_types[n[0]]   629    630             lineno = nl[1][2]   631             results.append((type, self.com_node(nodelist[i])))   632    633         # we need a special "compare" node so that we can distinguish   634         #   3 < x < 5   from    (3 < x) < 5   635         # the two have very different semantics and results (note that the   636         # latter form is always true)   637    638         return Compare(node, results, lineno=lineno)   639    640     def expr(self, nodelist):   641         # xor_expr ('|' xor_expr)*   642         return self.com_binary(Bitor, nodelist)   643    644     def xor_expr(self, nodelist):   645         # xor_expr ('^' xor_expr)*   646         return self.com_binary(Bitxor, nodelist)   647    648     def and_expr(self, nodelist):   649         # xor_expr ('&' xor_expr)*   650         return self.com_binary(Bitand, nodelist)   651    652     def shift_expr(self, nodelist):   653         # shift_expr ('<<'|'>>' shift_expr)*   654         node = self.com_node(nodelist[0])   655         for i in range(2, len(nodelist), 2):   656             right = self.com_node(nodelist[i])   657             if nodelist[i-1][0] == token.LEFTSHIFT:   658                 node = LeftShift([node, right], lineno=nodelist[1][2])   659             elif nodelist[i-1][0] == token.RIGHTSHIFT:   660                 node = RightShift([node, right], lineno=nodelist[1][2])   661             else:   662                 raise ValueError, "unexpected token: %s" % nodelist[i-1][0]   663         return node   664    665     def arith_expr(self, nodelist):   666         node = self.com_node(nodelist[0])   667         for i in range(2, len(nodelist), 2):   668             right = self.com_node(nodelist[i])   669             if nodelist[i-1][0] == token.PLUS:   670                 node = Add([node, right], lineno=nodelist[1][2])   671             elif nodelist[i-1][0] == token.MINUS:   672                 node = Sub([node, right], lineno=nodelist[1][2])   673             else:   674                 raise ValueError, "unexpected token: %s" % nodelist[i-1][0]   675         return node   676    677     def term(self, nodelist):   678         node = self.com_node(nodelist[0])   679         for i in range(2, len(nodelist), 2):   680             right = self.com_node(nodelist[i])   681             t = nodelist[i-1][0]   682             if t == token.STAR:   683                 node = Mul([node, right])   684             elif t == token.SLASH:   685                 node = Div([node, right])   686             elif t == token.PERCENT:   687                 node = Mod([node, right])   688             elif t == token.DOUBLESLASH:   689                 node = FloorDiv([node, right])   690             else:   691                 raise ValueError, "unexpected token: %s" % t   692             node.lineno = nodelist[1][2]   693         return node   694    695     def factor(self, nodelist):   696         elt = nodelist[0]   697         t = elt[0]   698         node = self.lookup_node(nodelist[-1])(nodelist[-1][1:])   699         # need to handle (unary op)constant here...   700         if t == token.PLUS:   701             return UnaryAdd(node, lineno=elt[2])   702         elif t == token.MINUS:   703             return UnarySub(node, lineno=elt[2])   704         elif t == token.TILDE:   705             node = Invert(node, lineno=elt[2])   706         return node   707    708     def power(self, nodelist):   709         # power: atom trailer* ('**' factor)*   710         node = self.com_node(nodelist[0])   711         for i in range(1, len(nodelist)):   712             elt = nodelist[i]   713             if elt[0] == token.DOUBLESTAR:   714                 return Power([node, self.com_node(nodelist[i+1])],   715                              lineno=elt[2])   716    717             node = self.com_apply_trailer(node, elt)   718    719         return node   720    721     def atom(self, nodelist):   722         return self._atom_dispatch[nodelist[0][0]](nodelist)   723    724     def atom_lpar(self, nodelist):   725         if nodelist[1][0] == token.RPAR:   726             return Tuple((), lineno=nodelist[0][2])   727         return self.com_node(nodelist[1])   728    729     def atom_lsqb(self, nodelist):   730         if nodelist[1][0] == token.RSQB:   731             return List((), lineno=nodelist[0][2])   732         return self.com_list_constructor(nodelist[1])   733    734     def atom_lbrace(self, nodelist):   735         if nodelist[1][0] == token.RBRACE:   736             return Dict((), lineno=nodelist[0][2])   737         return self.com_dictorsetmaker(nodelist[1])   738    739     def atom_backquote(self, nodelist):   740         return Backquote(self.com_node(nodelist[1]))   741    742     def atom_number(self, nodelist):   743         ### need to verify this matches compile.c   744         k = eval(nodelist[0][1])   745         return Const(k, lineno=nodelist[0][2])   746    747     def decode_literal(self, lit):   748         if self.encoding:   749             # this is particularly fragile & a bit of a   750             # hack... changes in compile.c:parsestr and   751             # tokenizer.c must be reflected here.   752             if self.encoding not in ['utf-8', 'iso-8859-1']:   753                 lit = unicode(lit, 'utf-8').encode(self.encoding)   754             return eval("# coding: %s\n%s" % (self.encoding, lit))   755         else:   756             return eval(lit)   757    758     def atom_string(self, nodelist):   759         k = ''   760         for node in nodelist:   761             k += self.decode_literal(node[1])   762         return Const(k, lineno=nodelist[0][2])   763    764     def atom_name(self, nodelist):   765         return Name(nodelist[0][1], lineno=nodelist[0][2])   766    767     # --------------------------------------------------------------   768     #   769     # INTERNAL PARSING UTILITIES   770     #   771    772     # The use of com_node() introduces a lot of extra stack frames,   773     # enough to cause a stack overflow compiling test.test_parser with   774     # the standard interpreter recursionlimit.  The com_node() is a   775     # convenience function that hides the dispatch details, but comes   776     # at a very high cost.  It is more efficient to dispatch directly   777     # in the callers.  In these cases, use lookup_node() and call the   778     # dispatched node directly.   779    780     def lookup_node(self, node):   781         return self._dispatch[node[0]]   782    783     def com_node(self, node):   784         # Note: compile.c has handling in com_node for del_stmt, pass_stmt,   785         #       break_stmt, stmt, small_stmt, flow_stmt, simple_stmt,   786         #       and compound_stmt.   787         #       We'll just dispatch them.   788         return self._dispatch[node[0]](node[1:])   789    790     def com_NEWLINE(self, *args):   791         # A ';' at the end of a line can make a NEWLINE token appear   792         # here, Render it harmless. (genc discards ('discard',   793         # ('const', xxxx)) Nodes)   794         return Discard(Const(None))   795    796     def com_arglist(self, nodelist):   797         # varargslist:   798         #     (fpdef ['=' test] ',')* ('*' NAME [',' '**' NAME] | '**' NAME)   799         #   | fpdef ['=' test] (',' fpdef ['=' test])* [',']   800         # fpdef: NAME | '(' fplist ')'   801         # fplist: fpdef (',' fpdef)* [',']   802         names = []   803         defaults = []   804         flags = 0   805    806         i = 0   807         while i < len(nodelist):   808             node = nodelist[i]   809             if node[0] == token.STAR or node[0] == token.DOUBLESTAR:   810                 if node[0] == token.STAR:   811                     node = nodelist[i+1]   812                     if node[0] == token.NAME:   813                         names.append(node[1])   814                         flags = flags | CO_VARARGS   815                         i = i + 3   816    817                 if i < len(nodelist):   818                     # should be DOUBLESTAR   819                     t = nodelist[i][0]   820                     if t == token.DOUBLESTAR:   821                         node = nodelist[i+1]   822                     else:   823                         raise ValueError, "unexpected token: %s" % t   824                     names.append(node[1])   825                     flags = flags | CO_VARKEYWORDS   826    827                 break   828    829             # fpdef: NAME | '(' fplist ')'   830             names.append(self.com_fpdef(node))   831    832             i = i + 1   833             if i < len(nodelist) and nodelist[i][0] == token.EQUAL:   834                 defaults.append(self.com_node(nodelist[i + 1]))   835                 i = i + 2   836             elif len(defaults):   837                 # we have already seen an argument with default, but here   838                 # came one without   839                 raise SyntaxError, "non-default argument follows default argument"   840    841             # skip the comma   842             i = i + 1   843    844         return names, defaults, flags   845    846     def com_fpdef(self, node):   847         # fpdef: NAME | '(' fplist ')'   848         if node[1][0] == token.LPAR:   849             return self.com_fplist(node[2])   850         return node[1][1]   851    852     def com_fplist(self, node):   853         # fplist: fpdef (',' fpdef)* [',']   854         if len(node) == 2:   855             return self.com_fpdef(node[1])   856         list = []   857         for i in range(1, len(node), 2):   858             list.append(self.com_fpdef(node[i]))   859         return tuple(list)   860    861     def com_dotted_name(self, node):   862         # String together the dotted names and return the string   863         name = ""   864         for n in node:   865             if type(n) == type(()) and n[0] == 1:   866                 name = name + n[1] + '.'   867         return name[:-1]   868    869     def com_dotted_as_name(self, node):   870         assert node[0] == symbol.dotted_as_name   871         node = node[1:]   872         dot = self.com_dotted_name(node[0][1:])   873         if len(node) == 1:   874             return dot, None   875         assert node[1][1] == 'as'   876         assert node[2][0] == token.NAME   877         return dot, node[2][1]   878    879     def com_dotted_as_names(self, node):   880         assert node[0] == symbol.dotted_as_names   881         node = node[1:]   882         names = [self.com_dotted_as_name(node[0])]   883         for i in range(2, len(node), 2):   884             names.append(self.com_dotted_as_name(node[i]))   885         return names   886    887     def com_import_as_name(self, node):   888         assert node[0] == symbol.import_as_name   889         node = node[1:]   890         assert node[0][0] == token.NAME   891         if len(node) == 1:   892             return node[0][1], None   893         assert node[1][1] == 'as', node   894         assert node[2][0] == token.NAME   895         return node[0][1], node[2][1]   896    897     def com_import_as_names(self, node):   898         assert node[0] == symbol.import_as_names   899         node = node[1:]   900         names = [self.com_import_as_name(node[0])]   901         for i in range(2, len(node), 2):   902             names.append(self.com_import_as_name(node[i]))   903         return names   904    905     def com_bases(self, node):   906         bases = []   907         for i in range(1, len(node), 2):   908             bases.append(self.com_node(node[i]))   909         return bases   910    911     def com_try_except_finally(self, nodelist):   912         # ('try' ':' suite   913         #  ((except_clause ':' suite)+ ['else' ':' suite] ['finally' ':' suite]   914         #   | 'finally' ':' suite))   915    916         if nodelist[3][0] == token.NAME:   917             # first clause is a finally clause: only try-finally   918             return TryFinally(self.com_node(nodelist[2]),   919                               self.com_node(nodelist[5]),   920                               lineno=nodelist[0][2])   921    922         #tryexcept:  [TryNode, [except_clauses], elseNode)]   923         clauses = []   924         elseNode = None   925         finallyNode = None   926         for i in range(3, len(nodelist), 3):   927             node = nodelist[i]   928             if node[0] == symbol.except_clause:   929                 # except_clause: 'except' [expr [(',' | 'as') expr]] */   930                 if len(node) > 2:   931                     expr1 = self.com_node(node[2])   932                     if len(node) > 4:   933                         expr2 = self.com_assign(node[4], OP_ASSIGN)   934                     else:   935                         expr2 = None   936                 else:   937                     expr1 = expr2 = None   938                 clauses.append((expr1, expr2, self.com_node(nodelist[i+2])))   939    940             if node[0] == token.NAME:   941                 if node[1] == 'else':   942                     elseNode = self.com_node(nodelist[i+2])   943                 elif node[1] == 'finally':   944                     finallyNode = self.com_node(nodelist[i+2])   945         try_except = TryExcept(self.com_node(nodelist[2]), clauses, elseNode,   946                                lineno=nodelist[0][2])   947         if finallyNode:   948             return TryFinally(try_except, finallyNode, lineno=nodelist[0][2])   949         else:   950             return try_except   951    952     def com_with(self, nodelist):   953         # with_stmt: 'with' with_item (',' with_item)* ':' suite   954         body = self.com_node(nodelist[-1])   955         for i in range(len(nodelist) - 3, 0, -2):   956             ret = self.com_with_item(nodelist[i], body, nodelist[0][2])   957             if i == 1:   958                 return ret   959             body = ret   960    961     def com_with_item(self, nodelist, body, lineno):   962         # with_item: test ['as' expr]   963         if len(nodelist) == 4:   964             var = self.com_assign(nodelist[3], OP_ASSIGN)   965         else:   966             var = None   967         expr = self.com_node(nodelist[1])   968         return With(expr, var, body, lineno=lineno)   969    970     def com_augassign_op(self, node):   971         assert node[0] == symbol.augassign   972         return node[1]   973    974     def com_augassign(self, node):   975         """Return node suitable for lvalue of augmented assignment   976    977         Names, slices, and attributes are the only allowable nodes.   978         """   979         l = self.com_node(node)   980         if l.__class__ in (Name, Slice, Subscript, Getattr):   981             return l   982         raise SyntaxError, "can't assign to %s" % l.__class__.__name__   983    984     def com_assign(self, node, assigning):   985         # return a node suitable for use as an "lvalue"   986         # loop to avoid trivial recursion   987         while 1:   988             t = node[0]   989             if t in (symbol.exprlist, symbol.testlist, symbol.testlist_safe, symbol.testlist_comp):   990                 if len(node) > 2:   991                     return self.com_assign_tuple(node, assigning)   992                 node = node[1]   993             elif t in _assign_types:   994                 if len(node) > 2:   995                     raise SyntaxError, "can't assign to operator"   996                 node = node[1]   997             elif t == symbol.power:   998                 if node[1][0] != symbol.atom:   999                     raise SyntaxError, "can't assign to operator"  1000                 if len(node) > 2:  1001                     primary = self.com_node(node[1])  1002                     for i in range(2, len(node)-1):  1003                         ch = node[i]  1004                         if ch[0] == token.DOUBLESTAR:  1005                             raise SyntaxError, "can't assign to operator"  1006                         primary = self.com_apply_trailer(primary, ch)  1007                     return self.com_assign_trailer(primary, node[-1],  1008                                                    assigning)  1009                 node = node[1]  1010             elif t == symbol.atom:  1011                 t = node[1][0]  1012                 if t == token.LPAR:  1013                     node = node[2]  1014                     if node[0] == token.RPAR:  1015                         raise SyntaxError, "can't assign to ()"  1016                 elif t == token.LSQB:  1017                     node = node[2]  1018                     if node[0] == token.RSQB:  1019                         raise SyntaxError, "can't assign to []"  1020                     return self.com_assign_list(node, assigning)  1021                 elif t == token.NAME:  1022                     return self.com_assign_name(node[1], assigning)  1023                 else:  1024                     raise SyntaxError, "can't assign to literal"  1025             else:  1026                 raise SyntaxError, "bad assignment (%s)" % t  1027   1028     def com_assign_tuple(self, node, assigning):  1029         assigns = []  1030         for i in range(1, len(node), 2):  1031             assigns.append(self.com_assign(node[i], assigning))  1032         return AssTuple(assigns, lineno=extractLineNo(node))  1033   1034     def com_assign_list(self, node, assigning):  1035         assigns = []  1036         for i in range(1, len(node), 2):  1037             if i + 1 < len(node):  1038                 if node[i + 1][0] == symbol.list_for:  1039                     raise SyntaxError, "can't assign to list comprehension"  1040                 assert node[i + 1][0] == token.COMMA, node[i + 1]  1041             assigns.append(self.com_assign(node[i], assigning))  1042         return AssList(assigns, lineno=extractLineNo(node))  1043   1044     def com_assign_name(self, node, assigning):  1045         return AssName(node[1], assigning, lineno=node[2])  1046   1047     def com_assign_trailer(self, primary, node, assigning):  1048         t = node[1][0]  1049         if t == token.DOT:  1050             return self.com_assign_attr(primary, node[2], assigning)  1051         if t == token.LSQB:  1052             return self.com_subscriptlist(primary, node[2], assigning)  1053         if t == token.LPAR:  1054             raise SyntaxError, "can't assign to function call"  1055         raise SyntaxError, "unknown trailer type: %s" % t  1056   1057     def com_assign_attr(self, primary, node, assigning):  1058         return AssAttr(primary, node[1], assigning, lineno=node[-1])  1059   1060     def com_binary(self, constructor, nodelist):  1061         "Compile 'NODE (OP NODE)*' into (type, [ node1, ..., nodeN ])."  1062         l = len(nodelist)  1063         if l == 1:  1064             n = nodelist[0]  1065             return self.lookup_node(n)(n[1:])  1066         items = []  1067         for i in range(0, l, 2):  1068             n = nodelist[i]  1069             items.append(self.lookup_node(n)(n[1:]))  1070         return constructor(items, lineno=extractLineNo(nodelist))  1071   1072     def com_stmt(self, node):  1073         result = self.lookup_node(node)(node[1:])  1074         assert result is not None  1075         if isinstance(result, Stmt):  1076             return result  1077         return Stmt([result])  1078   1079     def com_append_stmt(self, stmts, node):  1080         result = self.lookup_node(node)(node[1:])  1081         assert result is not None  1082         if isinstance(result, Stmt):  1083             stmts.extend(result.nodes)  1084         else:  1085             stmts.append(result)  1086   1087     def com_list_constructor(self, nodelist):  1088         # listmaker: test ( list_for | (',' test)* [','] )  1089         values = []  1090         for i in range(1, len(nodelist)):  1091             if nodelist[i][0] == symbol.list_for:  1092                 assert len(nodelist[i:]) == 1  1093                 return self.com_list_comprehension(values[0],  1094                                                    nodelist[i])  1095             elif nodelist[i][0] == token.COMMA:  1096                 continue  1097             values.append(self.com_node(nodelist[i]))  1098         return List(values, lineno=values[0].lineno)  1099   1100     def com_list_comprehension(self, expr, node):  1101         return self.com_comprehension(expr, None, node, 'list')  1102   1103     def com_comprehension(self, expr1, expr2, node, type):  1104         # list_iter: list_for | list_if  1105         # list_for: 'for' exprlist 'in' testlist [list_iter]  1106         # list_if: 'if' test [list_iter]  1107   1108         # XXX should raise SyntaxError for assignment  1109         # XXX(avassalotti) Set and dict comprehensions should have generator  1110         #                  semantics. In other words, they shouldn't leak  1111         #                  variables outside of the comprehension's scope.  1112   1113         lineno = node[1][2]  1114         fors = []  1115         while node:  1116             t = node[1][1]  1117             if t == 'for':  1118                 assignNode = self.com_assign(node[2], OP_ASSIGN)  1119                 compNode = self.com_node(node[4])  1120                 newfor = ListCompFor(assignNode, compNode, [])  1121                 newfor.lineno = node[1][2]  1122                 fors.append(newfor)  1123                 if len(node) == 5:  1124                     node = None  1125                 elif type == 'list':  1126                     node = self.com_list_iter(node[5])  1127                 else:  1128                     node = self.com_comp_iter(node[5])  1129             elif t == 'if':  1130                 test = self.com_node(node[2])  1131                 newif = ListCompIf(test, lineno=node[1][2])  1132                 newfor.ifs.append(newif)  1133                 if len(node) == 3:  1134                     node = None  1135                 elif type == 'list':  1136                     node = self.com_list_iter(node[3])  1137                 else:  1138                     node = self.com_comp_iter(node[3])  1139             else:  1140                 raise SyntaxError, \  1141                       ("unexpected comprehension element: %s %d"  1142                        % (node, lineno))  1143         if type == 'list':  1144             return ListComp(expr1, fors, lineno=lineno)  1145         elif type == 'set':  1146             return SetComp(expr1, fors, lineno=lineno)  1147         elif type == 'dict':  1148             return DictComp(expr1, expr2, fors, lineno=lineno)  1149         else:  1150             raise ValueError("unexpected comprehension type: " + repr(type))  1151   1152     def com_list_iter(self, node):  1153         assert node[0] == symbol.list_iter  1154         return node[1]  1155   1156     def com_comp_iter(self, node):  1157         assert node[0] == symbol.comp_iter  1158         return node[1]  1159   1160     def com_generator_expression(self, expr, node):  1161         # comp_iter: comp_for | comp_if  1162         # comp_for: 'for' exprlist 'in' test [comp_iter]  1163         # comp_if: 'if' test [comp_iter]  1164   1165         lineno = node[1][2]  1166         fors = []  1167         while node:  1168             t = node[1][1]  1169             if t == 'for':  1170                 assignNode = self.com_assign(node[2], OP_ASSIGN)  1171                 genNode = self.com_node(node[4])  1172                 newfor = GenExprFor(assignNode, genNode, [],  1173                                     lineno=node[1][2])  1174                 fors.append(newfor)  1175                 if (len(node)) == 5:  1176                     node = None  1177                 else:  1178                     node = self.com_comp_iter(node[5])  1179             elif t == 'if':  1180                 test = self.com_node(node[2])  1181                 newif = GenExprIf(test, lineno=node[1][2])  1182                 newfor.ifs.append(newif)  1183                 if len(node) == 3:  1184                     node = None  1185                 else:  1186                     node = self.com_comp_iter(node[3])  1187             else:  1188                 raise SyntaxError, \  1189                         ("unexpected generator expression element: %s %d"  1190                          % (node, lineno))  1191         fors[0].is_outmost = True  1192         return GenExpr(GenExprInner(expr, fors), lineno=lineno)  1193   1194     def com_dictorsetmaker(self, nodelist):  1195         # dictorsetmaker: ( (test ':' test (comp_for | (',' test ':' test)* [','])) |  1196         #                   (test (comp_for | (',' test)* [','])) )  1197         assert nodelist[0] == symbol.dictorsetmaker  1198         nodelist = nodelist[1:]  1199         if len(nodelist) == 1 or nodelist[1][0] == token.COMMA:  1200             # set literal  1201             items = []  1202             for i in range(0, len(nodelist), 2):  1203                 items.append(self.com_node(nodelist[i]))  1204             return Set(items, lineno=items[0].lineno)  1205         elif nodelist[1][0] == symbol.comp_for:  1206             # set comprehension  1207             expr = self.com_node(nodelist[0])  1208             return self.com_comprehension(expr, None, nodelist[1], 'set')  1209         elif len(nodelist) > 3 and nodelist[3][0] == symbol.comp_for:  1210             # dict comprehension  1211             assert nodelist[1][0] == token.COLON  1212             key = self.com_node(nodelist[0])  1213             value = self.com_node(nodelist[2])  1214             return self.com_comprehension(key, value, nodelist[3], 'dict')  1215         else:  1216             # dict literal  1217             items = []  1218             for i in range(0, len(nodelist), 4):  1219                 items.append((self.com_node(nodelist[i]),  1220                               self.com_node(nodelist[i+2])))  1221             return Dict(items, lineno=items[0][0].lineno)  1222   1223     def com_apply_trailer(self, primaryNode, nodelist):  1224         t = nodelist[1][0]  1225         if t == token.LPAR:  1226             return self.com_call_function(primaryNode, nodelist[2])  1227         if t == token.DOT:  1228             return self.com_select_member(primaryNode, nodelist[2])  1229         if t == token.LSQB:  1230             return self.com_subscriptlist(primaryNode, nodelist[2], OP_APPLY)  1231   1232         raise SyntaxError, 'unknown node type: %s' % t  1233   1234     def com_select_member(self, primaryNode, nodelist):  1235         if nodelist[0] != token.NAME:  1236             raise SyntaxError, "member must be a name"  1237         return Getattr(primaryNode, nodelist[1], lineno=nodelist[2])  1238   1239     def com_call_function(self, primaryNode, nodelist):  1240         if nodelist[0] == token.RPAR:  1241             return CallFunc(primaryNode, [], lineno=extractLineNo(nodelist))  1242         args = []  1243         kw = 0  1244         star_node = dstar_node = None  1245         len_nodelist = len(nodelist)  1246         i = 1  1247         while i < len_nodelist:  1248             node = nodelist[i]  1249   1250             if node[0]==token.STAR:  1251                 if star_node is not None:  1252                     raise SyntaxError, 'already have the varargs indentifier'  1253                 star_node = self.com_node(nodelist[i+1])  1254                 i = i + 3  1255                 continue  1256             elif node[0]==token.DOUBLESTAR:  1257                 if dstar_node is not None:  1258                     raise SyntaxError, 'already have the kwargs indentifier'  1259                 dstar_node = self.com_node(nodelist[i+1])  1260                 i = i + 3  1261                 continue  1262   1263             # positional or named parameters  1264             kw, result = self.com_argument(node, kw, star_node)  1265   1266             if len_nodelist != 2 and isinstance(result, GenExpr) \  1267                and len(node) == 3 and node[2][0] == symbol.comp_for:  1268                 # allow f(x for x in y), but reject f(x for x in y, 1)  1269                 # should use f((x for x in y), 1) instead of f(x for x in y, 1)  1270                 raise SyntaxError, 'generator expression needs parenthesis'  1271   1272             args.append(result)  1273             i = i + 2  1274   1275         return CallFunc(primaryNode, args, star_node, dstar_node,  1276                         lineno=extractLineNo(nodelist))  1277   1278     def com_argument(self, nodelist, kw, star_node):  1279         if len(nodelist) == 3 and nodelist[2][0] == symbol.comp_for:  1280             test = self.com_node(nodelist[1])  1281             return 0, self.com_generator_expression(test, nodelist[2])  1282         if len(nodelist) == 2:  1283             if kw:  1284                 raise SyntaxError, "non-keyword arg after keyword arg"  1285             if star_node:  1286                 raise SyntaxError, "only named arguments may follow *expression"  1287             return 0, self.com_node(nodelist[1])  1288         result = self.com_node(nodelist[3])  1289         n = nodelist[1]  1290         while len(n) == 2 and n[0] != token.NAME:  1291             n = n[1]  1292         if n[0] != token.NAME:  1293             raise SyntaxError, "keyword can't be an expression (%s)"%n[0]  1294         node = Keyword(n[1], result, lineno=n[2])  1295         return 1, node  1296   1297     def com_subscriptlist(self, primary, nodelist, assigning):  1298         # slicing:      simple_slicing | extended_slicing  1299         # simple_slicing:   primary "[" short_slice "]"  1300         # extended_slicing: primary "[" slice_list "]"  1301         # slice_list:   slice_item ("," slice_item)* [","]  1302   1303         # backwards compat slice for '[i:j]'  1304         if len(nodelist) == 2:  1305             sub = nodelist[1]  1306             if (sub[1][0] == token.COLON or \  1307                             (len(sub) > 2 and sub[2][0] == token.COLON)) and \  1308                             sub[-1][0] != symbol.sliceop:  1309                 return self.com_slice(primary, sub, assigning)  1310   1311         subscripts = []  1312         for i in range(1, len(nodelist), 2):  1313             subscripts.append(self.com_subscript(nodelist[i]))  1314         return Subscript(primary, assigning, subscripts,  1315                          lineno=extractLineNo(nodelist))  1316   1317     def com_subscript(self, node):  1318         # slice_item: expression | proper_slice | ellipsis  1319         ch = node[1]  1320         t = ch[0]  1321         if t == token.DOT and node[2][0] == token.DOT:  1322             return Ellipsis()  1323         if t == token.COLON or len(node) > 2:  1324             return self.com_sliceobj(node)  1325         return self.com_node(ch)  1326   1327     def com_sliceobj(self, node):  1328         # proper_slice: short_slice | long_slice  1329         # short_slice:  [lower_bound] ":" [upper_bound]  1330         # long_slice:   short_slice ":" [stride]  1331         # lower_bound:  expression  1332         # upper_bound:  expression  1333         # stride:       expression  1334         #  1335         # Note: a stride may be further slicing...  1336   1337         items = []  1338   1339         if node[1][0] == token.COLON:  1340             items.append(Const(None))  1341             i = 2  1342         else:  1343             items.append(self.com_node(node[1]))  1344             # i == 2 is a COLON  1345             i = 3  1346   1347         if i < len(node) and node[i][0] == symbol.test:  1348             items.append(self.com_node(node[i]))  1349             i = i + 1  1350         else:  1351             items.append(Const(None))  1352   1353         # a short_slice has been built. look for long_slice now by looking  1354         # for strides...  1355         for j in range(i, len(node)):  1356             ch = node[j]  1357             if len(ch) == 2:  1358                 items.append(Const(None))  1359             else:  1360                 items.append(self.com_node(ch[2]))  1361         return Sliceobj(items, lineno=extractLineNo(node))  1362   1363     def com_slice(self, primary, node, assigning):  1364         # short_slice:  [lower_bound] ":" [upper_bound]  1365         lower = upper = None  1366         if len(node) == 3:  1367             if node[1][0] == token.COLON:  1368                 upper = self.com_node(node[2])  1369             else:  1370                 lower = self.com_node(node[1])  1371         elif len(node) == 4:  1372             lower = self.com_node(node[1])  1373             upper = self.com_node(node[3])  1374         return Slice(primary, assigning, lower, upper,  1375                      lineno=extractLineNo(node))  1376   1377     def get_docstring(self, node, n=None):  1378         if n is None:  1379             n = node[0]  1380             node = node[1:]  1381         if n == symbol.suite:  1382             if len(node) == 1:  1383                 return self.get_docstring(node[0])  1384             for sub in node:  1385                 if sub[0] == symbol.stmt:  1386                     return self.get_docstring(sub)  1387             return None  1388         if n == symbol.file_input:  1389             for sub in node:  1390                 if sub[0] == symbol.stmt:  1391                     return self.get_docstring(sub)  1392             return None  1393         if n == symbol.atom:  1394             if node[0][0] == token.STRING:  1395                 s = ''  1396                 for t in node:  1397                     s = s + eval(t[1])  1398                 return s  1399             return None  1400         if n == symbol.stmt or n == symbol.simple_stmt \  1401            or n == symbol.small_stmt:  1402             return self.get_docstring(node[0])  1403         if n in _doc_nodes and len(node) == 1:  1404             return self.get_docstring(node[0])  1405         return None  1406   1407   1408 _doc_nodes = [  1409     symbol.expr_stmt,  1410     symbol.testlist,  1411     symbol.testlist_safe,  1412     symbol.test,  1413     symbol.or_test,  1414     symbol.and_test,  1415     symbol.not_test,  1416     symbol.comparison,  1417     symbol.expr,  1418     symbol.xor_expr,  1419     symbol.and_expr,  1420     symbol.shift_expr,  1421     symbol.arith_expr,  1422     symbol.term,  1423     symbol.factor,  1424     symbol.power,  1425     ]  1426   1427 # comp_op: '<' | '>' | '=' | '>=' | '<=' | '<>' | '!=' | '=='  1428 #             | 'in' | 'not' 'in' | 'is' | 'is' 'not'  1429 _cmp_types = {  1430     token.LESS : '<',  1431     token.GREATER : '>',  1432     token.EQEQUAL : '==',  1433     token.EQUAL : '==',  1434     token.LESSEQUAL : '<=',  1435     token.GREATEREQUAL : '>=',  1436     token.NOTEQUAL : '!=',  1437     }  1438   1439 _legal_node_types = [  1440     symbol.funcdef,  1441     symbol.classdef,  1442     symbol.stmt,  1443     symbol.small_stmt,  1444     symbol.flow_stmt,  1445     symbol.simple_stmt,  1446     symbol.compound_stmt,  1447     symbol.expr_stmt,  1448     symbol.print_stmt,  1449     symbol.del_stmt,  1450     symbol.pass_stmt,  1451     symbol.break_stmt,  1452     symbol.continue_stmt,  1453     symbol.return_stmt,  1454     symbol.raise_stmt,  1455     symbol.import_stmt,  1456     symbol.global_stmt,  1457     symbol.exec_stmt,  1458     symbol.assert_stmt,  1459     symbol.if_stmt,  1460     symbol.while_stmt,  1461     symbol.for_stmt,  1462     symbol.try_stmt,  1463     symbol.with_stmt,  1464     symbol.suite,  1465     symbol.testlist,  1466     symbol.testlist_safe,  1467     symbol.test,  1468     symbol.and_test,  1469     symbol.not_test,  1470     symbol.comparison,  1471     symbol.exprlist,  1472     symbol.expr,  1473     symbol.xor_expr,  1474     symbol.and_expr,  1475     symbol.shift_expr,  1476     symbol.arith_expr,  1477     symbol.term,  1478     symbol.factor,  1479     symbol.power,  1480     symbol.atom,  1481     symbol.yield_stmt,  1482     symbol.yield_expr,  1483     ]  1484   1485 _assign_types = [  1486     symbol.test,  1487     symbol.or_test,  1488     symbol.and_test,  1489     symbol.not_test,  1490     symbol.comparison,  1491     symbol.expr,  1492     symbol.xor_expr,  1493     symbol.and_expr,  1494     symbol.shift_expr,  1495     symbol.arith_expr,  1496     symbol.term,  1497     symbol.factor,  1498     ]  1499   1500 _names = {}  1501 for k, v in symbol.sym_name.items():  1502     _names[k] = v  1503 for k, v in token.tok_name.items():  1504     _names[k] = v  1505   1506 def debug_tree(tree):  1507     l = []  1508     for elt in tree:  1509         if isinstance(elt, int):  1510             l.append(_names.get(elt, elt))  1511         elif isinstance(elt, str):  1512             l.append(elt)  1513         else:  1514             l.append(debug_tree(elt))  1515     return l