1 print isinstance("string", str) # True 2 print isinstance("string", int) # False 3 print isinstance(123, int) # True 4 print isinstance(123, str) # False 5 print 6 7 class A: 8 pass 9 10 class B(A): 11 pass 12 13 class C(B): 14 pass 15 16 a = A() 17 b = B() 18 c = C() 19 20 print isinstance(a, A) # True 21 print isinstance(b, B) # True 22 print isinstance(c, C) # True 23 print 24 print isinstance(a, a) # False 25 print isinstance(b, b) # False 26 print isinstance(c, c) # False 27 print 28 print isinstance(A, a) # False 29 print isinstance(B, b) # False 30 print isinstance(C, c) # False 31 print 32 print isinstance(a, B) # False 33 print isinstance(b, C) # False 34 print isinstance(c, A) # True 35 print 36 print isinstance(a, C) # False 37 print isinstance(b, A) # True 38 print isinstance(c, B) # True 39 print 40 print issubclass(A, A) # True 41 print issubclass(B, B) # True 42 print issubclass(C, C) # True 43 print 44 print issubclass(a, a) # False 45 print issubclass(b, b) # False 46 print issubclass(c, c) # False 47 print 48 print issubclass(a, A) # False 49 print issubclass(b, B) # False 50 print issubclass(c, C) # False 51 print 52 print issubclass(A, B) # False 53 print issubclass(B, C) # False 54 print issubclass(C, A) # True 55 print 56 print issubclass(A, C) # False 57 print issubclass(B, A) # True 58 print issubclass(C, B) # True