1 A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE 2 ========================== 3 4 Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting 5 Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands 6 as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's 7 principal author, although it includes many contributions from others. 8 9 In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for 10 National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us) 11 in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the 12 software. 13 14 In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to 15 BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same 16 year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations (now Zope 17 Corporation, see http://www.zope.com). In 2001, the Python Software 18 Foundation (PSF, see http://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a 19 non-profit organization created specifically to own Python-related 20 Intellectual Property. Zope Corporation is a sponsoring member of 21 the PSF. 22 23 All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org for 24 the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python 25 releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes 26 the various releases. 27 28 Release Derived Year Owner GPL- 29 from compatible? (1) 30 31 0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes 32 1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes 33 1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no 34 2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no 35 1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2) 36 2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no 37 2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes 38 2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes 39 2.2 2.1.1 2001 PSF yes 40 2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes 41 2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes 42 2.2.1 2.2 2002 PSF yes 43 2.2.2 2.2.1 2002 PSF yes 44 2.2.3 2.2.2 2003 PSF yes 45 2.3 2.2.2 2002-2003 PSF yes 46 2.3.1 2.3 2002-2003 PSF yes 47 2.3.2 2.3.1 2002-2003 PSF yes 48 2.3.3 2.3.2 2002-2003 PSF yes 49 2.3.4 2.3.3 2004 PSF yes 50 2.3.5 2.3.4 2005 PSF yes 51 2.4 2.3 2004 PSF yes 52 2.4.1 2.4 2005 PSF yes 53 2.4.2 2.4.1 2005 PSF yes 54 2.4.3 2.4.2 2006 PSF yes 55 2.4.4 2.4.3 2006 PSF yes 56 2.5 2.4 2006 PSF yes 57 2.5.1 2.5 2007 PSF yes 58 2.5.2 2.5.1 2008 PSF yes 59 2.5.3 2.5.2 2008 PSF yes 60 2.6 2.5 2008 PSF yes 61 2.6.1 2.6 2008 PSF yes 62 2.6.2 2.6.1 2009 PSF yes 63 2.6.3 2.6.2 2009 PSF yes 64 2.6.4 2.6.3 2009 PSF yes 65 2.6.5 2.6.4 2010 PSF yes 66 2.6.6 2.6.5 2010 PSF yes 67 2.6.7 2.6.6 2011 PSF yes 68 2.6.8 2.6.7 2012 PSF yes 69 70 Footnotes: 71 72 (1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under 73 the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute 74 a modified version without making your changes open source. The 75 GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with 76 other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't. 77 78 (2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible, 79 because its license has a choice of law clause. According to 80 CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1 81 is "not incompatible" with the GPL. 82 83 Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's 84 direction to make these releases possible. 85 86 87 B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 88 =============================================================== 89 90 PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2 91 -------------------------------------------- 92 93 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation 94 ("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and 95 otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and 96 its associated documentation. 97 98 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby 99 grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, 100 analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, 101 distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative version, 102 provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright, 103 i.e., "Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 104 Python Software Foundation; All Rights Reserved" are retained in Python alone or 105 in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. 106 107 3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on 108 or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make 109 the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then 110 Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of 111 the changes made to Python. 112 113 4. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 114 basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 115 IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND 116 DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 117 FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT 118 INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 119 120 5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 121 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS 122 A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON, 123 OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 124 125 6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 126 breach of its terms and conditions. 127 128 7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any 129 relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and 130 Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF 131 trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote 132 products or services of Licensee, or any third party. 133 134 8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee 135 agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License 136 Agreement. 137 138 139 BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0 140 ------------------------------------------- 141 142 BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1 143 144 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an 145 office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the 146 Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using 147 this software in source or binary form and its associated 148 documentation ("the Software"). 149 150 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License 151 Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, 152 royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform 153 and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and 154 otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version, 155 provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the 156 Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. 157 158 3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 159 basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 160 IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND 161 DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 162 FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT 163 INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 164 165 4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE 166 SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS 167 AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY 168 DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 169 170 5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 171 breach of its terms and conditions. 172 173 6. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all 174 respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of 175 law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to 176 create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture 177 between BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant 178 permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademark 179 sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any 180 third party. As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at 181 http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the 182 permissions granted on that web page. 183 184 7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee 185 agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License 186 Agreement. 187 188 189 CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1 190 --------------------------------------- 191 192 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National 193 Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive, 194 Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization 195 ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in 196 source or binary form and its associated documentation. 197 198 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI 199 hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide 200 license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, 201 prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 202 alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's 203 License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c) 204 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights 205 Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative 206 version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License 207 Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the 208 quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and 209 conditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together with 210 Python 1.6.1 may be located on the Internet using the following 211 unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This 212 Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the Internet 213 using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013". 214 215 3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on 216 or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make 217 the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then 218 Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of 219 the changes made to Python 1.6.1. 220 221 4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 222 basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 223 IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND 224 DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 225 FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT 226 INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 227 228 5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 229 1.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS 230 A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1, 231 OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 232 233 6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 234 breach of its terms and conditions. 235 236 7. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal 237 intellectual property law of the United States, including without 238 limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such 239 U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of 240 Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions. 241 Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based 242 on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was 243 previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the 244 law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License 245 Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to 246 Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this 247 License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of 248 agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This 249 License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or 250 trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or 251 services of Licensee, or any third party. 252 253 8. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying, 254 installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be 255 bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement. 256 257 ACCEPT 258 259 260 CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2 261 -------------------------------------------------- 262 263 Copyright (c) 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, 264 The Netherlands. All rights reserved. 265 266 Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its 267 documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, 268 provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that 269 both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in 270 supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch 271 Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to 272 distribution of the software without specific, written prior 273 permission. 274 275 STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO 276 THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND 277 FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE 278 FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 279 WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 280 ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT 281 OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.